Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay Example for Free

Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay â€Å"Our motherland is Spain; theirs is darkest Africa, you understand? They once came here only to cut sugarcane, but now there are more of them than there will ever be cane to cut, you understand? Our problem is one of dominion. Those of us who love our country are taking measures to keep it our own†. This statement was memorized by both the Haitian and Dominicans prisoners tortured by the soldiers during the â€Å"Parsley massacre†, which was a clear illustration of the xenophobia the Tyrannical leader, General Trujillo had. Thus, a wave of genocide which decimates the Haitian emigre population is justified (Brice-Finch, 1999). Farming of the Bones, a novel of Danticat, does not only vividly reveal a detailed, fictional narration of what happened to the Haitians before, during, and after the â€Å"El Corte† or provide us a glimpse of the author’s life as a Haitian. The novel, considered to be one of the literary records of history of Haitians, was able to captivate the lives of Haitians in a land they partly owned. The Farming of Bones is a stark reminder of the massacre as well as a tribute to the valor of those Haitians who escaped the terror (Brice-Finch 1999). At that particular time, Haiti was being colonized by the Americans. This event pushed some of the natives to go to Dominican Republic and find work to be able to help their families left in Haiti. Most of them became cane workers, housemaids, houseboys, etc. as expected, most of them were being oppressed by their employers in different ways. Some of them were overworked but underpaid and some are physically abused. However, amabelle did not suffer the same fate as a personal maid since she was adored, if not loved by her employers. Papi and Donya Valencia, her patroness, never failed to treat her right. However, when the tyrant General Trujillo felt that the number of Haitians is continuing to grow, he felt it was high time to â€Å"cleanse† their land. After hearing news of the killings, Amabelle then decided to leave her patrons and go back to Haiti with her lover Sebastien and his sister. However, when she was about to leave, the cutting in 1937— a part of General Trujillo’s dictatorial regime, Donya Valencia bled—an event that made her stay at the house a little bit longer. Because of the slight delay, Amabelle was not able to meet Sebastien and Mimi by the church—the meeting place for those who will cross the border with Doctor Javier. It was said, nonetheless, that all those who were to meet in church were arrested by the soldiers together with the doctor and the priests. Amabelle then decided to go and find Mimi and his brother. She journeyed with Yves, a good friend of Sebastien. While they were on their journey, there were several instances of them having themselves almost killed by the Dominicans. Their companions, whim they met on the way, also died one by one and Yves and Amabelle were the only ones to return to their homeland. There, they attempted to have normal lives so they kept themselves busy; however, no matter what they do, it was very clear that the ghosts of the past would haunt them until death.the border region. These instances from the novel clearly mirror the 1937 Parsley massacre and had shown a very precise documentary of the said horrifying event. Such instances are as follows: First, General Trujillo was really the name of the tyrannical leader of Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1961, who ordered to kill all the Haitians so that, generally, they could have their country only for themselves. In the novel, him despising the Haitians was clearly shown in his actions. He was the sole mastermind of the â€Å"cleansing† of their border and he was also the one to pay very small amount of money to all the victims after the almost one-week bloodbath. Second, the narration of the Parsley Massacre was exactly how the event happened in 1937. The trucks containing the Haitians were real. The â€Å"killing spree†, where the peasants are to line by six and jump off a cliff if they were not able to say â€Å"perejil† (parsley) correctly, since the color of the Dominicans and Hatians are almost the same, also happened the same way it was in the novel. A quote from Senyora Valencia illustrates this point: â€Å"And in the parsley he said ‘pewegil’ for perejil. The Generalissimo had him in plain sight and could have shot him in the parsley, but he did not because the Generalissimo had a realization. Your people did not trill their r the way we do, or pronounce the jota. ‘You can never hide as long as there is parsley nearby,’ the Generalissi mo is believed to have said. On this island, you walk too far and people speak a different language. Their own words reveal who belongs on what side.† In this particular event, Dominican troops killed between 10,000 and 15,000 Haitians in approximately 2-6 days, particularly from October 2nd to October 4th 1937 (Upchurch, 1998). Third, the River of Massacre is really the name of the river at the borderline of Haiti and Dominican Republic. The Massacre River was named for a seventeeth century bloodbath, but as Danticat makes clear, it has continued to live up to its name. The river divides the small Caribbean island of Hispaniola into the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Because the countries are so close, their fates have historically been intertwined. The Farming of Bones begins in the Republic, during the regime of General Rafael Trujillo (Upchurch, 1998). Fourth and last in the significant similarities in events in history and the novel was that even though the Dominican leader taught its people to be cruel and to have no mercy for the Haitians, some of them chose to defy the General and helped hide several peasants during the mass killing. Senyora Valencia was a great example of such Dominicans: â€Å"Do you truly understand? During El Corte, though I was bleeding and nearly died, I hid many of your people. I hid a baby who is now a student at the medical school with Rosalinda and her husband. I hid Sylvie and two families in your old room. I hid some of Donya Sabine’s people before she and her husband escaped to Haiti. I did what I could in my situation.† In history, however, it is believed that although we must acknowledge that the Haitian-Dominican conflict stemmed from the occupation of the Dominican Republic by Haiti, it would be dangerous, and unfair to the Dominican people, to attribute Trujillo’s acts and ideology entirely to the same origin. Most of the Dominican people did not participate in Trujillo’s massacre of the Haitians. In fact, Many Haitians were saved by good-hearted Dominicans who could not imagine and could not accept the killings of thousands of innocents for petty reasons. The best example of this fact is the Dominican politician, Jose Maria Peza Gomez, who is believed to be of Haitian descent, and who escaped the massacre because a White Dominican family adopted him. As for the author’s relation to the characters, I found Amabelle most likely to share the life of Edwidge Danticat. There are few similarities in them but if you would compare Danticat’s life to that of other characters, it is most likely that you would find it difficult. For one, Danticat had always wanted to be a writer ever since she was a child. Her parents, on the other hand wanted her to be a doctor. In Amabelle’s case, she had always been veering away from her parents’ love for giving birth and chose to just sew clothes and at the same time serve Senyora Valencia. Another, I think, is the point in her life when her parents transferred to New York to work there. She was very young then and yet had to live without her parents with her. Amabelle experienced this when her parents drowned while crossing the river at the border. Both of them were forced to live without their parents at a time when they need guidance, love, and care from the person who brought them into this world. Third and last point is when Danticat transferred to Brooklyn to live with her real family. Adjustment to this new family was difficult, and to make it worse, she also had difficulty adjusting at school, because she spoke only Creole and did not know any English. Other students taunted her as a Haitian, a boat person, or a refugee. This time, it’s not only Amabelle who experienced the same treatment from other people but all the Haitians in the Dominicans part of the land. As evident in the novel, most of them suffered greatly because of their race, social status, and language. Obviously, it is very apparent that the novel Farming of the Bones was a literary record of what had happened to the 1937 massacre and a bit of the author’s life. In fact, the massacre, Danticat told Mallay Charters in Publishers Weekly, is not just a part of our history, as Haitians, but its also a part of the history of the world. Writing about it is an act of remembrance. References: Brice-Finch (1999) A review of The Farming of Bones, in World Literature Today, Vol. 73, No. 2, p. 373. Munro, M. (2006) Writing Disaster: Trauma, Memory, and History in Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones. London: Faber and Faber Upchurch, M. (1998) â€Å"No Room for the Living,† in New York Times Book Review. Lancer, J. The Conflict between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://www.allempires.com/forum/ Wucker, M. (1998) The River Massacre: The Real and Imagined Borders of Hispaniola Retrieved from: http://windows.on.haiti-the.river.massacre.files.html (2005) Edwidge Danticat. Retrieved from http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/danticat_edwidge.html (2009) 70 Years Ago in the Dominican Republic! Retrieved from http://fowomouvriye.org/Bulletins/001/TheHopeAct.html (2012) The Farming of Bones: Author Biography. Retrieved from http://www.enotes.com/farming-bones (2012) Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica

International Student Accommodation Services When Studying Overseas Education Essay

International Student Accommodation Services When Studying Overseas Education Essay The increasing a number of those students whose are studying abroad to gain a better education. Basically, the students are unfamiliar with their new environment. Students are used to be more rely with the overseas education agent service centre that are managing those international students in form of school placements and accommodations services while they are studying overseas so they can gain the information in detail regarding to that country they are going to. In form of the accommodation, those international students are tending to find the accommodation according to their accessibility, comfortable regarding their individual needs. The informations that the students most likely to find out are regarding to the facilities, environment of the resident, and the guardian attitudes. The purpose of this research is to investigate an understanding of the overseas accommodation services standard and the quality on managing the students. Through this research paper, the researcher can gain more information in depth on overseas accommodation services to improve the quality of the services to provide the students good home stay. In the other hand, those overseas agents are expected to taking a good care of those students who are under take by their accommodation sector. The accommodation/ hostel are granted a guardianship services to those students to control and monitoring them. The guardians have a responsibility to concern into those students well being and academic progress to lead them and to encourage them on those students studies. Literature Review As the increase the number of international students, some of the major changes in the program that impacted on the standard and quality services of the accommodation for students. According to Richardson,K. (2003), the language of the communication may cause some effect and the difficulties of the student to communicate to each other due the cultural differentiations. The accommodation provider has to concern more in depth about the quality of the accommodation and care services that provided to their students. Furthermore, overall the level of the accommodation satisfaction is decreases as it increases their cost (Sauer, S., CreationWorks Director and Brian Robb., and AFS NZ National Director., 2006) and offering wide-ranging of living standards for students accommodation. Moreover, the accommodation provider lowers their standard requirements to gain adequate homes to provide the essential accommodation needs of the home stay. A number of the young students are requiring the adult / guardian to taking care of them (Richardson,K., 2004) while they are studying abroad. The students are most likely to choose to live close to their institution for their own convenience and safety due they are unfamiliar with the information regarding the surrounding suburbs and transportation options (Smith, S., 2007). Furthermore, according to Smith, S. (2007), the management of the accommodation facilities regarding the distance between the accommodation and their institute are not monitored well by the agent. Most likely the problems that those students are facing currently is regarding to the cultural problems, cuisine, and the suitability and the sufficient living environment. Moreover, the accommodation provider are insufficient provide the services which are expected by those students (Richardson, K., 2004) so it may cause the decreases of the satisfaction level. The less communication between the providers and the students cause the problems within the home stay services as well. The communication between the providers and the students is the most important key to improve the satisfaction level of the services on the accommodation. Brown, G. and Lin, Tzu-Ching. (2010) stated that gaining income was not as important as a desire to offer the student and to assist the student with their educational development. The study increases understanding of the complex relationship that emerges during extended service encounters. Most important in the context of educational home stay although the way they are operationalized reflected the distinctive characteristics of the service setting. The findings are of direct relevance to a service centred approach to marketing in which relationships. The process for students begins in their home country, usually by referral from an education agent. It is also becoming increasingly common for students to request a home stay as compared to hostels. Communication between the home stay provider and the student is perceived as one of the most important aspects of the home stay experience. The major concern expressed by accommodation providers was communication difficulties because of lan guage barriers between the students and the hosts. Research Design According to Copper,Donald R. and Schindler,Pamela S., (1998), Research design is the plan and structure that investigate and to obtain the result to research questions and it also express the issues of the research and basically it can be used to obtain the evidence of the problem in the research paper. The researcher has conducted a schedule of the research proposal. The effectiveness of this approach is to assist the researcher to control and manage the finding progress to complete the research report punctually. Schedules of the research proposal. The table has shown below is the planning of the researcher by conducting the time table to manage the researchers research paper in order to show the sequences of the efficiency of the finding progress. Date Detail 20th December 2010 Registration and discussion of the research report topic with the instructor. 21st December 2010 22nd December 2010 Researching information regarding the research proposal topic. 23rd December 2010 Designing and investigate the questions of the survey. 30th December 2010 1st draft check with the instructor regarding the questionnaire survey. 31st December 2010 2nd January 2011 Preparing the research proposal and modifying the questionnaire survey paper. 3rd January 2011 2nd draft check and confirmation with the instructor regarding the format of the questionnaire survey 4th January 2011 Sending out the survey papers to the respondent. 5th January 2011 Collecting back the survey papers from the respondents. 6th January 2011 Analyzing the survey papers. 7th January 2011 9th January 2011 Preparing and modifying the research report. 10th January 2011 Final draft check with the instructor regarding the entire research proposal. 11st January 2011- 13rd January 2011 Modifying the entire research proposal. 14th January 2011 Submission date of the research proposal. Figure 1: Schedule of the research proposal. Research Method The researcher is using the quantitative research method to conduct this research paper which is conducting a questionnaire survey it always involves the numerical on the analysis data section (Johnson, P. and Harries, D., 2002). The questionnaire survey was used to investigate the quality and the standard of the services. The focus group was conducted to gain information into the issues which are concerned about the accommodation services. The researcher is doing the survey to improve the quality and the standard of the international students accommodation services by conducting the literature review section which is to study in more detail regarding this topic issues. The researcher conducting the questioning section it is because by using the questioning section is much more efficient but there are a weakness on the questioning section regarding the quality and quantity of the information are depends on the respondents ability and the willingness to participate the questioning survey (Copper,Donald R. and Schindler,Pamela S., 1998). The researcher conducting the questioning survey in the network home stays of the international to get all the outcomes. Those information have been collected can be carried out the trusted outcome in the end of the research. Sampling Sampling has define as the population that can draw a conclusion of the entire research paper topic focus area by using measurement through selecting some of the elements outcomes (Copper,Donald R. and Schindler,Pamela S., 1998). The researcher is using the single stage procedure of the sampling which by the researcher has access to the population and able to sample the respondents directly (Creswell, John W., 1994). The researcher is using the rating scale to measure the outcome of the survey and it provide an opportunity on extraction variance in the measurement (Copper,Donald R. and Schindler,Pamela S., 1998). The researcher conducted a survey and the target network is those students who are staying in the hostel to gain the information in furthermore and provide a valid and reliable outcomes. The sampling of this research paper is concern about the international students accommodation and definitely the researcher more target those students who studying overseas and staying in th e hostel to participate on the survey to result the valid and reliable outcomes. Limitation of data The researcher has a good understanding regarding to this topic focus area and conducting a survey to gain the best results of the questions that has been asked by the researcher to write a research proposal and more focus on the main issue of the topic. The researcher facing some problem while conducting the research paper because of the limitation of the time to do the finding more in depth. Obviously, in this limitation of time it may cause the researcher may not be able to get good responses from the respondents regarding the questionnaire paper so probably the researcher is facing the difficulties to conduct the researcher because of the limitation of the data. Therefore, the researcher has to more concern about the understanding of the respondents regarding the survey questions and makes it easier for the researcher to get a better result on researchers finding. Design of Questionnaire According to Johnson, P. and Harries, D. (2002), the researcher conducting the questionnaire survey paper have consider the respondents abilities and information level to answers of the questions which are conducted by the researcher so the respondents able to answer the questionnaire adequately and participate the survey and able to give such a helpful answers to help the researcher to conduct the research paper. In the other hand, the questionnaire that conducted by the researcher are more concern about the students accommodation accessibility, accommodation facilities and the guardianship of the students. The purposes of the questions which are conducted by the researcher in term of the accessibility to measure how good and important are the accommodation location according to those students who are staying in the hostel. In term of accommodations facilities, the purpose of the researcher is focus on this area is to measure how good the quality of the facilities of the accommodation is. To gain the feedback from the respondents so that the agents could able provide a better facilities and to improve the usability of the facilities that the agent should provide for the students. To satisfy the students individual needs and make the students feel more comfortable of the accommodations facilities that have provided. In term of the guardianship, the purpose of the researcher finding is to investigate how well is the guardian attitude while they are responsible on taking care of those students who are staying on the accommodations. The researcher conduct the questions focus on the communication between the students and the guardian, how well the guardian concern and monitoring their students personal well being and their academic progress and able to clarify any doubt that the students facing on. After all the questionnaire survey has been done by the researcher, the researcher has conducted the rating scale to evaluate the outcome of the survey so that the researcher could able to measure the quality and standard of the services in furthermore. Moreover, through this research paper the researcher could able to give a recommendation to improve the level of the satisfaction of the students regarding to the homes stay quality and makes the accommodation more comfortable for those who are staying. Data Analysis Based on the research survey, numbers of volunteer totally 20 people. Among the 20 people 8 of them are male and the rest 12 of the people are female. The level of accommodation comforts to those international students is basically involved how accessible is the place and as well as security level. Accessible level of the accommodation is often considered by those students when they are finding the accommodation which is involved them convenient on their transportation, easy for getting daily stuff, and easy access facility around the area. The level of comfort and accessibility Figure 2 Measurement the level of the accommodation consideration From the data gathered, it seems that most students prefer comfort over accessibility. Statistics show that 60% would rather have comfort within their accommodation location, rather than it being accessible. Age Figure 3 Comparison of age between female and male students The above chart depicts the age group of my respondents. The chart shows that most of my respondents are females between the age of 15 to 25 years old. The quality of guardianship Figure 4 Measurement of the level of services and communication Most students feel that the language barrier is not as difficult to overcome as compared to having a guardian who does not fulfil his or her responsibilities well. The students would appreciate if the guardian would constantly check in on their well-being and academic progress. Conclusion and Recommendations As a conclusion of this research report, the standard and the quality of accommodation services that provided by the agents are often unreliable. Nowadays, the agents tend to lower the quality and standard of the home stay and thus provide a low quality home stay service without much consideration towards international students. The outcome of the researchers finding based on the students age, shows that 90 % of the students who are staying in hostel are in between 15 25 years old. These students who reside in hostel would much prefer home stay accommodation as compared to staying in a hostel, as they feel that home stay provides a more comfortable atmosphere for them and they are willing to forgo convenience in terms of accessibility of location, just for comforts sake. To provide the comfortable accommodation for students, the provider has to consider the four main points which contributes directly to the comfort level in order to fulfil the students individual needs. The accessibility level of the accommodation is also considered important to the students but as mentioned, comfort is more important. Moreover, the level of the guardianship in form of the guardians responsibility on monitoring, encourage, concern about their students needs and communicate well to understand those students needs is to improve their quality on providing the services and the standard of accommodation living.

What is Faith?

What is Faith? What is faith? Many, both inside and outside Christianity, ponder this question every day. How can we define faith, and how can we better understand what true faith looks like? More importantly, what kind of faith does God expect of us? Every one of us exhibits faith in something every day; we have faith that the bus driver knows how to drive the bus, we have faith that the pilot knows how to fly the plane, we have faith that the school teachers know how to educate our children, and for Christians we have faith that God is real and that Jesus died on the cross so our sins can be forgiven. Faith isnt something that we should exhibit only when things are going well, when we feel our circumstances prove that God is real. Corrie ten Boom, most famous for her work helping to hide Jews during WWII said When a train goes through a tunnel and it gets dark, you dont throw away the ticket and jump off. You sit still and trust the engineer.[1] This is true for faith; when something happens and life gets a little dark, we dont assume God has lost control and were headed into a mountain, instead we should trust God all the more, understanding that He has full control. But faith is far more than just this vague belief that God is in the drivers seat, or that whatever happens God will get us through that dark tunnel. In Hebrews 11:1 it is written Faith shows the reality of what we hope for; it is the evidence of things we cannot see. Faith is truth and trust, [2] yet how many of us have the kind of faith that can completely trust in God regardless of our situation? Theres a story about the missionary Hudson Taylor during his first trip to China. Aboard a sailing ship, at one stage there was no wind, and they were close to islands inhabited by tribes of cannibals. With the islands, and cannibals, getting closer the captain asked Hudson if he would pray. Hudson agreed, but only if the captain set the sails, ready for the breeze. With no sign of wind the captain declined, but Hudson stood fast and refused to pray until the sails had been set, ready for the wind he had faith God would send. The captain, eventually, agreed and the crew set the sails, while Hudson set about the task of asking God for the wind to fill them. Sometime later there was a knock at the door and the captain asked Hudson if he was still praying for God to send wind. Hudson indicated he was, to which the captain replied you better stop praying for we have more wind than we can manage![3] Hudson Taylor had no doubt God would send the wind; he had faith in God. In Hebrews 11 we see examples of other expressions of faith, expressions that may seem unbelievable unless you first believe that to God, nothing is impossible. In verse 3 we read that by faith we understand that the entire universe was formed at Gods commandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[4] None of us were there to see this, to witness this great event, and yet by faith we believe and accept this event occurred just how the Bible describes it. Similarly it was by faith that Noah built the Ark even when there was no sign of rain, or when Abraham left his homeland to take his family to a faraway land hed never seen, or when Abraham took the son he had been told would bless the world to offer him as a sacrifice.[5] These events describe how great faith led to a great event; a second chance for all creatures in the Ark, or a new nation that would someday bless the whole world, yet not every instance of great faith resulted in something most would see as positive. In Hebrews 11:35-37 it is written: But others were tortured, refusing to turn from God in order to be set free. They placed their hope in a better life after the resurrection. Some were jeered at, and their backs were cut open with whips. Others were chained in prisons. Some died by stoning, some were sawed in half, and others were killed with the sword.[6] These verses describe people who, because of their faith, refused to reject Jesus even in the face of torture and death. Their faith caused them to trust in salvation and an eternal life, placing God above their own lives. It is only when we come to understand faith as the kind of faith that makes you force a ships captain to set sails while there is no sign of wind, to build a huge ship when there is no sign of rain, or to face torture and death rather than renounce your beliefs, that we approach the level of faith we see throughout the Old and New Testament. In Psalm 26:1 it is written Declare me innocent, O Lord, for I have acted with integrity; I have trusted in the Lord without wavering.[7] Faith is trusting, without wavering. Psalm 37:3-5 Trust in the Lord and do goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Take delight in the Lord Commit everything you do to the Lord. Trust him, and he will help you.[8] All of these describe faith in God, a faith that will see you trust Him through the dark tunnels, when you are stuck in a windless calm, when you are asked to fulfil a ridiculous task, or even when faced with death. True faith will trust God in every situation, no matter what we may face. [1] William K. Volkmer, These Things: A Reference Manual For Discipleship (San Antonio: The Passionate Few, 2016), 249. [2] Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1999), 377. [3] J. Don Jennings, Lifes Great Adventure: Walking With God (Maitland, FL: Xuton Press, 2011), 252-253. [4] Hebrews 11:3 NLT (New Living Translation). [5] Hebrews 11:7-10, 17-19 NLT (New Living Translation). [6] Hebrews 11:35-37 NLT (New Living Translation). [7] Psalm 26:1 NLT (New Living Translation). [8] Psalm 37:3-5 NLT (New Living Translation).

A Definition of a Friend Essay example -- Definition Friends Friendshi

A Definition of a Friend Friendship is not simply a "relationship", knowing someone, conversing with that person, or dealing with that person in business, school, or in casual acquaintance. True friendship is not just a "relationship", but self-sacrificing love. A friend is also one who supports, sympathizes, and is a person in whom you can confide. There are unique qualities that a person must have to be considered a friend. An acquaintance is not automatically considered a friend. Just because you know someone does not mean there is an instant friendship.This does not mean that an acquaintance cannot change into a valued friendship. There are qualities that a friend must have, but time is also a factor. A friendship can develop in as short as a day, or it could take as long as a few years for full development.In the end, if time is taken for full development, then a real friendship will develop.The main way that trust is built up is with time. When you and a friend have trust, there will usually be a strong friendship. When there is no time spent together, then th...

Creating Hyperlinks :: Computer Science

Creating Hyperlinks To insert the button I clicked on insert-interactive images-flash button when the options screen came up I entered information such as; style, background color, button text, font, link, target screen and then name of the button. I then clicked OK. Creating Hyperlinks To link between pages I needed to create hyperlinks, to do this I first wrote the text that I wished the hyperlink to display I then highlighted it and entered the link into the box that appeared I then pressed enter Entering text To enter the text on my site I simply clicked where I wanted it to go and typed it in, I also changed the properties of the text i.e. alignment, color, size, bold, format, etc by highlighting the text and using the toolbar. Accuracy To check the accuracy of my work, e.g. all of my links worked and that there were no spelling errors in the pages I got my friend to read through the page for spelling errors and dead links. Here is a spelling error that was found. and here is the correction Back-up saving To ensure that I dint lose any work if the computer crashed I regularly saved my work, I did this by clicking on the file menu and then "save all frames" or "save" button depending on which file page I was working on. I have provided screenshots below of the buttons I used. I also saved it onto a cd incase the computer was damaged and the work was lost. Spelling and grammar checking To make sure that there were no spelling or grammatical errors on my site I copied the text into word and spell checked it. Changing the HTML code This is the HTML coding for the above table: href="hardFrameset.htm">Hardware href="sofinFrameset.htm">Software href="laptopFrameset.htm">Laptops Computer Systems I will demonstrate how changing the HTML coding can affect the look of a webpage. For example if I change the value of the table background color (highlighted above) I can change the way the table looks. I have changed the value from #000000 (black) to #FFFFFF (white) this changes the table background color href="hardFrameset.htm">Hardware href="sofinFrameset.htm">Software href="laptopFrameset.htm">Laptops Computer Systems This is what the table looked like after I had edited the html coding. Evaluation Plan I followed the plan I made almost exactly as I made sure that the plan was accurate and would work so that I wouldn't need to think about the design of the site while I was making it therefore allowing me to concentrate on making the site. Problems I only had one problem really and that was that some of the flash

Sales Tools

This is a report to understand the role of personal selling within the overall marketing strategy such as Promotion mix: personal and impersonal communication; objectives of promotional activity, push-pull strategies; integrating sales with other promotional activities; evaluating promotion; allocation of promotion budget and Understanding buyer behaviour: consumer and organisational purchase decision-making. And also this report involved the role of the sales team: definition and role of personal selling; types of selling; characteristics and have link with LEVI’S case study.After reading this report reader could understand to how to apply the principles of the selling process to a product or service such as customer-oriented approach; objective setting; preparation and rehearsal; opening remarks; techniques and personal presentation; need for identification and stimulation; presentation; product demonstration and use of visual aids; handling and pre-empting objections; techn iques and proposals for negotiation; buying signals; closing techniques; post sale follow-up; record keeping; customer relationship marketing (CRM)And also reader could be able to understand the role and objectives of sales management such as, Controlling sales output: purpose and role of the sales budget; performance standards: performance against targets (financial, volume, call-rate, conversion, pioneering); appraisals; self-development plans; customer care.Reader also will have Be able to understand how to plan sales activity for a product or service in ways such sales settings: sales channels (retailers, wholesalers, distributors, agents multi-channel and online retailers); importance of market segmentation: business-to-business (BTB) selling; industrial selling; selling to public authorities; selling for resale; telesales; selling services; pioneering; systems selling; selling to project teams or groups international selling: role of agents and distributors; sources, selection and appointment of agents/distributors; agency contracts; training and motivating agents/distributors; use of expatriate versus local sales personnel; role, duties and characteristics of the export sales team; coping in different cultural environments;the role of ICT in communicating with an international sales team Exhibitions and trade fairs: role, types and locations of trade fairs and exhibitions; how trade fairs and exhibitions fit in with corporate strategy and objectives; setting objectives for participation in an exhibition; audience profile and measurement; qualification and follow-up of exhibition leads; evaluation of exhibition attendance; setting budgets; financial assistance or exhibition attendance etc.. to a certain extend.Table of Content Personal selling, promotion mix, buyer behaviour and the decision making process in different situations ,role of sales teams within marketing strategy Role of sales teams within marketing strategy ow sales strategies are developed in line with corporate objectives Importance of recruitment and selection procedure Role of motivation, remuneration and training in sales management Sales plan for a levi’s male cap Conclusion Bibliography Personal selling, promotion mix, buyer behaviour and the decision making process in different situations ,role of sales teams within marketing strategy Personal selling is a promotional method in which one party (e. g. , salesperson) uses skills and techniques for building personal relationships with another party (e. g. , those involved in a purchase decision) that results in both parties obtaining value.In most cases the â€Å"value† for the salesperson is realized through the financial rewards of the sale while the customer’s â€Å"value† is realized from the benefits obtained by consuming the product. However, getting a customer to purchase a product is not always the objective of personal selling. For instance, selling may be used for the purpose of simply delivering information. Marketers have at their disposal four major methods of promotion. Taken together these comprise the promotion mix. Those four promotion methods are 1. Advertising 2. Sales Promotion 3. Public Relations 4. Personal Selling So, Personal selling comes under promotional mix. That means personal selling is a part of promotional mix.In LEVI’S case also LEVI’S company might definitely use promotional mix and they can improve the promotional mix by improving personal selling that both aspects have a positive relationship. Buyer behaviour consists of activities/process followed in making any buying decision of goods as well as a service. In LEVI’S case buyer behaviour would be 1. Type One: Traditionalist – probably over 45; buys from department stores; buys polyester suits and trousers; shops with his wife. 2. Type Two: Classic Independent – a real ‘clothes horse’; 21% of the market but buys 46% of wool blend suits; shops at independent stores; has expensive tastes. 3. Type Three: Utilitarian – wears jeans for work and leisure; 26% of the market; a Levis loyalist. 4.Type Four: Trendy Casual – buys ‘designer’ high fashion labels; might buy 501’s but usually considers Levi’s too mass market; 19% of the market. 5. Type Five: Price Shopper – buys the lowest price product wherever they may be; no potential for Levi; 14% of the market. There are five types of buyer behaviours and they have different types of decision making in different situation. One thing needs to be highlighted here is that consumer behaviour does not end with purchase of goods or service, but also post purchase activities are included in consumer decision making. The below image shows the different type of buyer behaviour. Role of sales teams within marketing strategy Marketing Strategy is something that helps companies achieves Marketing objectives.Marketing objectives help achieve corporate objectives and corporate objectives aim to achieve a competitive advantage over rival organizations. Firstly, a Managing Director or senior management team, or executive board of directors (who ever is in charge) decides on overall corporate objectives. One corporate objective might be to increase sales by some percentage. In order to achieve this percentage sales team always work towards that. So the role of sales team would be work to corporate objective goals and marketing strategies. LEVI’S case study team have adopted to the marketing strategies and LEVI’S ‘ marketing team responded to this information by deciding to focus on jackets and trousers only for the launch and let suits ‘slipstream’.The Director of Consumer Marketing stated: ‘The thing that is going to overcome Levi’s image for casual only apparel is a suit made by Levi that doesn’t look like anything else we have ever made. Once that gets on the r acks people will put an asterisk on the image that says Oh, they can also make a good suit when they put their mind to it’. So sales responded according to the marketing strategies ‘Soon after this decision, salesmen started contacting retail buyers. After 4 months of selling to the trade it was clear sales targets for the range would not be met.A subsequent price reduction failed to redeem the situation and Tailored Classics achieved only 65% of its sales targets. so role of sales team would be always adopted to mass marketing strategy. ’ ow sales strategies are developed in line with corporate objectives Whenever a person wanted to develop sales strategies he/she should always should develop in line with corporate objectives, so, he/she should keep these below mentioned tips before they make sales strategies. Do you have the time and resources necessary to interact? Can you competitively position yourself to overpower the competitor? Do you have sufficient uniq ue selling points to change the rules and do you have time to accomplish this? Do you have access to the key decision makers to do this? Can you sufficiently quantify your unique selling points to prevent price pressure?Can you neutralize the competitor's strengths? Do you have the capacity to deliver? What would it take to make this a viable opportunity? Importance of recruitment and selection procedure The recruitment is a process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job opening, in a timely and cost effective manner. The recruitment process includes analysing the requirements of a job, attracting employees to that job, screening and selecting applicants, hiring, and integrating the new employee to the organization. Importance of the recruitment are listed below * Recruitment is the process which links the employers with the employees.Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * Help increase the success rat e of selection process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. * Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected will leave the organization only after a short period of time. * Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce. Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. * Increase organization and individual effectiveness of various recruiting techniques and sources for all types of job applicantsRole of motivation, remuneration and training in sales management Motivation means Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal. Motivation results from the interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as the * Intensity of desire or need, * Incentive or reward value of the goal, a nd * Expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors are the reasons one has for behaving a certain way. Role of motivation in sales management is motivate sales people towards bringing business to the organization. The most widely recognised method of attracting and retaining marketing employees is through remuneration packages.This is because a good emuneration package can have a positive effect on a person's standard of living. Remuneration refers to money or substitutes for money. This may include wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses, incentive plans and allowances. The total value of all these items is called a remuneration package. Sales plan for a levi’s male cap A sales plan LEVI’S cap is basically should be a strategic and tactical plan for achieving market because of the higher price objectives. It should be a step-by-step and detailed process that will show how you will acquire new business for LEVI’S caps; and how you will g ain more business from the existing customer base.It involves making and/or exceeding our sales quota within our sales territory how to penetrate to international business. Here are the steps to help you develop a sales plan for LEVI’S male caps: 1. Segment the target audience – The first step is to clearly identify the target markets. Who are more likely to buy LEVI’S caps. The more defined the target market, the better. Target market can be defined as high-income men ages 30-60 who loves to buy the latest electronic gadgets. If the target market is done, the next step is to prioritize the target market to ensure that resources are directed towards your key target market. Prospects are more likely to purchase if LEVI’S can talk features of male cap. 2.Cap industry – Current trends in industry, and how the business fares with these trends. LEVI’S must look at the range of similar products now available, and compare how the product stacks up to competitor products. Take a bigger picture of the industry and find out prospects. 3. Develop sales strategies – LEVI’S sales strategies must include determining how LEVI’S can reach the sales quota, how can get more sales from existing customers, and how can raise awareness in the marketplace and community about your business. Your sales strategies also involve making a decision on who is actually going to do the selling. Will you do it skills to do it? how to improve confidence and presentation skill etc†¦ 4. Think through sales plan.This is the meat of the sales plan. LEVI’S need to write down the sales strategies based on the analysis you’ve done of your business and what you can do. Will you attend trade shows or do cold calling? Will they use search engine advertising or other forms of online advertising? How they going to reach exactly to target audience? It is important that LEVI’S break down the sales strategies into quantif iable activities . 5. Measure and improve. A sales plan is not something that LEVI’S create and then hide inside the drawer. Should follow the activities and tasks outlined in sales plan. All the planning in the world is worthless if they cannot or do not implement any of it.Keep track of how they are performing vis-à  -vis sales target.. Conclusion This report have explained the role of personal selling within the overall marketing strategy such as Promotion mix: personal and impersonal communication; objectives of promotional activity, push-pull strategies; integrating sales with other promotional activities; evaluating promotion; allocation of promotion budget and Understanding buyer behaviour: consumer and organisational purchase decision-making. And also this report involved the role of the sales team: definition and role of personal selling; types of selling; characteristics and have link with LEVI’S case study.Report also explained how to plan sales activity fo r LEVI’S male caps in ways such sales settings: sales channels (retailers, wholesalers, distributors, agents multi-channel and online retailers); importance of market segmentation: business-to-business (BTB) selling; industrial selling; selling to public authorities; selling for resale; telesales; selling services; pioneering; systems selling; selling to project teams or groups international selling: role of agents and distributors; sources, selection and appointment of agents/distributors; agency contracts; training and motivating agents/distributors; use of expatriate versus local sales personnel; role, duties and characteristics of the export sales team; coping in different cultural environments; the role of ICT in communicating with an international sales team Exhibitions and trade fairs: role, types and locations of trade fairs and exhibitions; how trade fairs and exhibitions fit in with corporate strategy and objectives; setting objectives for participation in an exhibi tion; audience profile and measurement; qualification and follow-up of exhibition leads; evaluation of exhibition attendance; setting budgets; financial assistance or exhibition attendance etc..

Change and the Management of Change Essay

Change Management Planning, Implementing, controlling, and reviewing the movement of an organization from its current state to a new one Causes of Change External Incremental (Evolutionary) †¢Occurs slowly over time (fuel-efficient cars) Dramatic (Revolutionary) †¢Can cause many problems especially if unexpected †¢Might lead to total rethink of operation of organization oBusiness Process Re-Engineering Business Process Re-EngineeringFundamentally rethinking and redesigning the processes of a business to achieve a dramatic improvement in performance Globalization-Increasing interdependence for countries’ economies through free trade and multinational company investment †¢New opportunities to sell products in other countries †¢Increased competition from products made more cheaply in other countries-often by multinationals †¢Use either pan-global marketing for localization strategies †¢Achieve and try to maintain a competitive advantage Technological Advances-Leading to new products and new processes †¢Products: new computer games, iPods and iPhones, hybrid-powered cars. †¢Processes: robots in production; computer assisted design (CAD) in design offices and computer systems for stock control. †¢Staff retraining †¢Purchase of new equipment †¢Additions to product portfolio-Other products may be dropped †¢Need for quicker product development which may require new organizational structures and teams Macro-Economic Change- Fiscal Policy, Interest Rates, Business Cycle†¢Changes in consumers’ disposable incomes-and demand patterns that result from this †¢Boom or recession conditions-need for extra capacity or rationalism †¢Need for flexible production systems (staff flexibility) to cope with demand changes †¢Explain need for extra capacity or need to rationalize †¢Deal with staff cutbacks in way that encourages staff who remain to accept change Legal Changes †¢Changes to what can be sold †¢Working hours and conditions †¢Staff training on company policy †¢Flexible working hours and practices Competitors’ Actions †¢New products †¢Lower prices †¢Higher promotional budgets†¢Encourage new ideas from staff †¢Increase efficiency by staff accepting need to change production methods †¢Ensure resources available to meet challenge Environmental Factors †¢Increase green consumerism †¢Increasing concern about industry’s contribution to climate change †¢Social and environmental audits supported by strategic changes (recycle packaging) Internal Organizational Changes †¢Delayering* †¢Matrix structure** replaces hierarchical º †¢Retraining of less senior staff to accept more responsibility †¢Job security †¢Retraining staff in teamwork and project management Relocation †¢Moving operations to another region/country †¢Redundancy schemes for workers who lose their jobs †¢Grants for those willing to move Cutting Costs To Improve Competitiveness †¢Capital-intensive rather that labour-intensive methods †¢Rationalisation of operations †¢Retraining staff to operate advanced tech. †¢Redundancy schemes for workers who lose their jobs †¢Flexible employment contracts and working practices *DelayeringRemoval of one or more of the levels of hierarchy from an organizational structure **Matrix StructureAn organizational structure that creates project teams that cut across traditional functional departments  ° Level of Hierarchy A stage of the organisational structure at  which the personnel on it have equal status and authority Factors Causing Resistance to Change †¢Fear of Unknown (Uncertainty) †¢Fear of Failure (Skills/Abilities beyond worker’s capabilities) †¢Losing Something of Value (Income, Status, Job Security) †¢False Beliefs (Some convince themselves current system will work to avoid risks) †¢Lack of Trust (Past experiences between workers and managers) †¢Inertia (Might have to work harder) Strategies to Reduce Impact of/Resistance to Change Change Management Force-Field AnalysisAn analytical process used to map the opposing forces within an environment (such as a business) where change is taking place 1.Outline proposal for change 2.List forces for and against change 3.Assign estimated score for each force †¢Weighs importance of forces †¢Helps identify who is most likely impacted by change †¢How to strengthen forces supporting decision and reduce forces against it †¢Can implement leadership style that reduces opposition and resistance to change Project ChampionA person assigned to support and drive a project forward. Their role is to explain the benefits of change and assist and support the team putting change into practice Project GroupsCreated by an organisation to address a problem that requires input from different specialists Promote Change 1.Establish a sense of urgency. 2.Create an effective project team to lead the change. 3.Develop a vision and a strategy for change. 4.Communicate this change vision. 5.Empower people to take action. 6.Generate short-term gains from change that benefit as many people as possible. 7.Consolidate these gains and produce even more change. 8.Build change into the culture of the organisation so that it becomes a natural process.